Abstract :
In this paper whose argument has been extended from secondary sources, two Doctoral Scholars combine to put forth their view that India is a growing economy with a growing population. It is marked by unequal distribution of wealth, income and opportunities on one hand and uneven development of peoples, regions and sectors on the other. Whereas information and data on inflation is quite readily available, information on unemployment is difficult to find. The fact however remains that for want of a social security system and with the withering away of the joint family system the number of people in the working-class as well as the middle class are entering the ranks of the unemployed masses. Those who do find employment are often under-employed and financially find it difficult to maintain a decent quality of life. Under these circumstances “working from home” becomes a good option at least in urban India both for the unemployed and the under-employed, irrespective of age and gender. The authors go on to argue that Multi-level Marketing provides a steady source of income (if undertaken seriously) and helps the people involved to keep out of the growing army of unemployed (as Marxists would put it). In the process they posit a theoretical expose of MLM.

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Abstract :
This is a review paper related with Rural Development in India. This paper highlights the conceptualizationof Rural Development in India. It also evaluates thatrural development is a multidimensional in nature and comprehensive in scope.

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India is a country with diverse traditions and customs. Unfortunately, since ages, the role of women was confined to household chores and limited to domestic issues. In the male-dominated Indian society, women suffered to extreme levels of exploitation. Some factors – like death of bread winner, sudden fall in family income or inadequate family income – forced women to seek employment in informal sector (small trader, artisan or field laborer on a family farm) but yet, that did not result in women empowerment. The participation of women as workers and women’s education was negligible. Indian women is distinct from their western counter parts in that they do not shed their conventional roles as mothers and house wives inspire of their professional responsibilities. They are skilled at blending professional excellence and traditional love for home harmoniously. In a highly competitive global economy, where talent is at a premium, employee diversity offers a proven route to increased innovation and organizational performance. While employers recognize that gender should be no barrier to career progression, women continue to be underrepresented at senior levels across Indian Banks.

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Abstract :
Today fashion is incomplete without denim. Denim in all varieties matches with all attire. It is difficult to believe that denim firstly was used in clothing for the pants worn by miners on the west coast of US. Gradually, due to advancement in technology, denim turned as a fashion symbol. Denim jeans became more well-liked amongst women as it was available in latest varieties. As Women are more fashion concerned than men and were inclined to buy jeans. So, a research was conducted considering 55 female respondents from Thane city with an objective to determine the factors affecting selection, usage pattern and wardrobe analysis of Denim Jeans. The research design used was exploratory research and sampling technique was non probability However, no research or study is without any limitations and so this research too had some limitations as the Sample size was very small for making trustworthy decision. Moreover, only the females of Thane district were surveyed, the results obtained from this research might not be applicable to other parts of the country.

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Abstract :
The present study was conducted to study the correlation between peer relationships and internet usage of adolescents. Descriptive survey method of research was employed to conduct the research. Results of the study revealed that Commitment dimension of peer relationships has significant correlation with time spent online and total internet usage scores. General internet usage scores were found to be significantly correlated with time spent online dimension of internet usage, purpose of using internet and total internet usage scores. Purpose of using internet has significant correlation with negative content viewed online, also with total internet usage scores. The study has useful implications that peer relationships of the adolescents are important guiding factor behind their internet usage.

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The prevalence of various health challenges that have contributed to high mortality rates among women and children in Nigeria in recent times is usually attributed to illiteracy and ignorance. Because the prevalence rate is higher in rural communities, there is need to explore alternative modes of communication that are familiar to these communities. There is some valuable information on various health challenges embedded in masquerade-based indigenous performances and shared at cult gatherings that consciously exclude women. This discriminatory attitude discourages the accessibility of useful information that could engender healthy practices and encourage behavioural change. Interestingly, however, a few masquerade cults have transcended gender-based discriminatory exclusion to embrace wider involvement. Yet some have not. This research is an investigation into what has been responsible for the perpetuation of discriminatory practices, using two masquerade cult groups: the Onyekulufa and Atu-mma of Umuoji in Idemili North Local government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria as models. It recommends a culture-centred approach to the transformation and repositioning of masquerade performances for effective health communication in rural communities.

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The intensification of industrial activity and environmental stress greatly contributes to the significant rise of heavy metal pollution in water resources making threats on terrestrial and aquatic life. The toxicity of metal pollution is slow and interminable, as these metal ions are non bio-degradable. The most appropriate solution for controlling the biogeochemistry of metal contaminants is sorption technique, to produce high quality treated effluents from polluted wastewater. Prosopis spicegera, a readily available tree leaves was used as sorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous media. Adsorption studies were performed by batch experiments as a function of process parameters such as sorption time, pH, and concentrations of sorbate and sorbent. Freundlich model fitted best with the experimental equilibrium data among the two tested adsorption isotherm models. The kinetic data correlated well with the Lagergren first order kinetic model for the sorption studies of Cr (VI) using P. spicegera. It was concluded that adsorbent prepared from P. spicegera to be a favorable adsorbent to remove the heavy metal Cr (VI) and can be used for the treatment of heavy metals in wastewater.

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It concerns me much, Sancho, that thou wilt persist in saying that I enticed thee from thy home. How? Did we not both leave homes together and journey together, and were both exposed to the same fortun ! If thou wert once tossed in a blanket I have only had the advantage of thee, in being a hundred times exposed to hard blows.

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E-Commerce is a new way of doing business. All business transactions right from placement of order to payment collections are carried out electronically. All the transactions are carried out at electronic speed; hence the flow of information is much faster as compared to the normal transactions. This helps in tracking real time movement of material in the entire supply chain system. Manufacturing companies in the Business to Business ( B2B ) domain require e-logistics solutions for their e-commerce transactions, which should be evolved to ensure better and sure service to their clients. Online information sharing increases visibility, speed and accuracy in material movement across the supply chain. The present paper deals with the need of E-Commerce Logistics for the enterprise to bring efficiency and effectiveness in material delivery to the customer. Logistics Resource Management ( LRM), a new Information Technology tool have been suggested which provides browser based software for automating, planning, managing and optimizing e-commerce logistics activities.

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The principle of this paper is to highlight the economic condition of brick workers through primary data collected from the field survey along the Haora River, West Tripura district, is economically developed region in Tripura, India. Most of the brick fields are located in this area are recent in origin. Workers in the brick kilns constitute one of the poorest and weakest sections of the rural society. As production of brick is a labour intensive sector, a large number of efficient work forces are needed for this industry. All of the brick industries in the study area employ both local and migrated laborers. Workers are done different types of works. Maximum workers are engaged as a Bojai mesturi, Patai mesturi and loading and unloading workers. Workers are getting wages by their working ability in weekly basis. The wages they got in weekly basis by an individual worker is good enough to feed his/ her stomach but in terms of family income, then it is very low to manage the family in all sorts of matter. Their diet is normal. They buy their food grains and other items according to their needs and money. The houses, they are living not well enough for human settlement as they are just workers in the eyes of the owners and the owners don’t like to spend extra money to build good houses for them but the houses are electrified. The utensils they used in the houses by the family members of the workers are very ordinary. In modern gadgets, they only use mobile phone. Therefore, the economic condition of the workers in the brick fields is not well and moreover they are living in pathetic condition where Govt. should look after the matter and take necessary steps.

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Increasing anthropogenic pressure and dependence on plant products have has let to widespread exploitation of natural forest in Uttarakhand Himalaya. The study area is located between 290 24’ and 290 26’ N latitude and 780 53’ and 780 59’ E longitude between 280 and 370 m elevation in Uttarakhand Himalaya. A total of 17 tree species were present in different forest, out of which 8 species existed in disturbed site and 11species in least disturbed site. Total tree density ranged from 250.3-340 trees/100 m2 and total basal area from 18.1-76.15 m2/ha across the disturbance, which was higher for least disturbed forest and lower for highly disturbed forest. Vegetational parameters showed that protected forest areas are important for maintaining the species richness, regeneration and the ecosystem as a whole.

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Family is the most influential agent among the different social factors that significantly influences the growth and development of any child. The family environment, economic status, socio-educational status of parents influences the different milestones of child development. Education is an important dimension of child’s development and it’s an important driving forcein the process of socialization and the molding of personality. Creating an environment to have quality education is a moral responsibility of family and society as it’s a crucial factor for empowerment and socio-economic development too. Butunfortunately in India and many other developing countries a large number of children’s are out of school before completing their primary and secondary education. Those countries have high rates of school dropouts significantly losses an elevated sustainable human resources. The present study is an analysis of family factors that contributes to the school dropouts. The study is conducted among the school dropped outs of Bilaspur city of Chhattisgarh. A total of 21 students and their families were assessed through structured in-depth interview; additional information was collected from the school authorities. The result shows that familial factors are significantly correlated with the school dropouts and these family factors have correlated the socio-economic aspects.

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Abstract :
Microfinance refers to small savings, credit and insurance services extended to socially and economically disadvantaged segments of society. It is emerging as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation in India. This working paper tries to outline the prevailing condition of the Microfinance in India in the light of its emergence till now. The prospect ofMicro-Finance is dominated by SHGs (Self Help Groups) - Banks linkage Program. Its main aim is to provide a cost effective mechanism for providing financial services to the poor. Finally paper concludes with practicable suggestions to overcome the issues and challenges associated with microfinance in India.

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Abstract :
The Native American is someone who thinks of himself, imagines himself in a particular way. By virtue of his experience, his idea of himself comprehends his relationship to the land. These awesomely beautiful images express the confluence of Momaday"s historical, cultural, social, literary, and artistic interests. The corpus of Momaday"s work is significant because he insists on showing the life-giving qualities of the arts and the interrelationships of the arts to other components of tribal culture. Through his autobiography, fiction, poetry, painting, and drawing, Momaday reveals the essential wholeness and unity of experience that Indian communities recognize as a fundamental dimension of the order of the universe.

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Abstract :
The increasing demand of electricity today can’t be completed only by the fossil fuel so it is very much remarkable to use renewable sources of energy such as biomass fuel for the production of the electricity. The biomass contains stored energy from the sun i.e. wood, crop, manure & some garbage so biomass is a renewable energy source because we can always grow more trees, crops, & waste will always exists. The combustion of the biomass fuel due to low density is a problem, but the fluidized bed combustion (FBC) is one of the most promising energy conversion options available today. FBC combines the high efficiency combustion of low grade fuel e.g. rice husk, wood & other biomass agro-waste & municipality waste. The rice husk/rice straw is one kind of renewable energy source which is abundant in agricultural states of India. The combustion of such a fuel in fluidized bed is becoming more & more attractive due to lesser emissions as well increasing price of the fossil fuel. This paper includes the Introduction of biomass fuels, its availability in the region, field study of various industries based on biomass & Co-firing using FBC technology and combustion effects of the biomass fuel using FBC & SEM analysis of the agglomeration of the Industry using 100% Biomass fuel & 90% biomass+ 10% fossil fuel.

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Abstract :
We all know adolescence is often termed as the age of storm and stress. It has many a conflicting situation and problem of adjustment which need a careful study. This research brief provides an overview of research on parenting styles and their impact on adolescent development. It is intended primarily as a guide for parent educators and other professionals working with parents of teens. Research demonstrates that teens undergo a number of developmental adjustments including biological, cognitive, emotional and social changes on their way to becoming adults. Parenting effectively during the teen years, as in any developmental period, requires a thorough understanding of these normative developmental changes. Parents play an important role in their ability to cultivate an open and positive relationship with their teen that, in turn, contributes to teens’ willingness to share information regarding their friends and activities with their parents. The aim of this study is to explore the importance of parental role in the overall development of adolescents and recommend some measures for better quality parenthood.

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Abstract :
The present work aims to investigate the mental health (depression and hopelessness) among suicide attempters and the control group (both male and female). Purposive random sampling technique was employed for collection of data. The sample comprised of n=100 suicide attempters (experimental group) and n=50 non-suicide attempter (control group) in the age group of 20 to 30 years. Experimental group (suicide attempters) was taken from medicine unit of Government hospital, Jaipur, India. Whereas the control group (non-suicide attempter) was taken from slum and suburb areas of Jaipur city; care was taken that both the groups matched each other on educational and socio economic status. Findings revealed that there was positive correlation between depression and hopelessness of suicide attempter and the control group. Results also indicated that there was highly significant difference on depth of depression and hopelessness of suicide attempters and the control group. No significant gender difference was found on depth of depression and hopelessness between of suicide attempters and the control group.

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Abstract :
In a constitutional democracy elections provide an opportunity to ascertain the popular will regard the governance of the country. Election is the act of choosing an individual usually for holding public office through free will of the people in a representative democracy. The word election is derived from the Latin verb “legere” meaning “to choose”. “Election” means the public choice of a person for office, usually by the votes of a constituent body. According to Webster’s Dictionary, election connotes the act of choosing a person to fill an office or position by vote.According to Black’s Law Dictionary, “election” means the process of selecting a person to occupy a position or office usually public office.

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Abstract :
As teacher educators, we often believe that our classes are changing the way students think and act regarding important social issues. While films may increase students’ knowledge on a subject, we may be incorrectly assuming that their attitudes and actions are changing as well. While some researchers have found evidence of changes in attitude and actions after viewing a film we challenge that there are probably many factors that need to be examined before assuming that this will generally occur in a classroom setting. Cinema is thought to be an effective tool for achieving certain educational goals and providing information about various historical events and periods, films are thought to be effective tools for sensitizing students to issues of cultural diversity, equity, and fairness. This study proves the use of films for instruction purposes particularly as films relate to influencing social and political attitudes towards sensitizing human rights issues and problems and on the positive effects of the film. The questions to be answered from this study are: whether cinema acts as an effective tool for teaching students about the human rights issues and problems.Can cinema as a medium portray reality? Whether cinema is socially responsible? Whether cinema can influence human rights agenda? And to what level cinema impact on society?

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Abstract :
The paper gives the concept of emotion and intelligence with respect to Indian context. It develops emotional intelligence on the basis of educational philosophy of Vivekananda, Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi and Aurobindo. It concludes that Indian philosophers’ views fall in the context of a new psychological concept of Emotional Intelligence.

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Abstract :
Geo resistivity of sounding of Sukuruli block was conducted to delineating the ground water potential of the areas. Ten (10) Schlumberger vertical electrical resistivity soundings were acquired with Geo Resistivity Meter. The electrode spacing AB/2 was varied from 1.5 to 65 m with maximum spread length of 100 m. The interpretation of resistivity curve is done by JSIX soft ware. Four to five distinct subsurface geologic layers were identified from the geoelectric layers, aided by borehole lithological logs. These include; the topsoil, Lateritic soil, Sandy Clay, Weathered Granite, Fractured granite gneiss, and clay, the top soil layer of variable nature has resistivity value between 22 to 587ohm m whose thickness is ranging from 0.7 to 2.4 m. The weathered layer in identified with resistivity value ranging from 78 to 430 O m whose thickness is 3.1 to 8. After investigation we find that out of ten seven points are suitable for Bore well and three points are not suitable for bore well. Most of the feasible sites are Fractured granite gneiss accept location one, which is Weathered Granite Gneiss. Rock type of study area is granite. The Sukuruli block site is feasible for Bore Well.

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Abstract :
The present paper introduces a novel approach for denoising the images corrupted by impulsive noise (IN) by using a new nonlinear IN suppression ?lter, entitled k-nearest neighbourhood pixels-based Adaptive-Fuzzy Filter (k-AFF). The proposed ?lter is based on statistical impulse detection and nonlinear ?ltering which uses Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) as a missed data interpolant over the k-nearest neighbour pixels of the corrupted pixels. The impulse de- tection is realized by using the well-known Kolmogorov–Smirnov-based goodness-of-?t test, which yields a decision about the impulsivity of each pixel. To demonstrate the capability of k-AFF, extensive simulations were realized revealing that the proposed ?lter achieves a better performance than the other ?lters mentioned in this paper in the cases of being effective in noise suppression and detail preservation, even when the images are highly corrupted by impulsive noise (IN)

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Abstract :
Information spotting in scanned document images is a very challenging task. Character recognition has been studied from the past several decades and is still a demanding research topic in the field of pattern recognition and image processing, however their performance will be significantly impaired when the image of the character is partially blocked or smudged. Such missing information does not hinder the human perception because we predict the missing part based on the word level and sentence level context of the character. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing works in character retrieval based on different methodology.

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Abstract :
The teaching of mathematics should enhance the child’s resources to think and reason, to visualize and handle abstractions, to formulate and solve problems. This broad spectrum of aims can be covered by teaching relevant and important mathematics embedded in the child’s experience. Succeeding in mathematics should be seen as the right of every child. For this, mathematics laboratory teaching concepts give the suitable solution. In this study researcher intends to explore the justifications of the opinions of the mathematics teachers about the use of mathematics laboratory in mathematics teaching.

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Abstract :
The field of social work is concerned with the welfare of others and with social change that promotes social justice. Taking a client-oriented and solution-focused approach, social workers improve individuals’ and families’ social functioning. This approach requires social workers to remain aware of the connections between the individual and societal structures, of the importance of practicing at multiple levels, and of the ways in which theory and practice inform one another.

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Abstract :
Death rite of the Juang is called “sudho”. It is seems that the term is a colloquial odia word. The death rites are meant for the welfare of the spirit in the other world as well as welfare of the decease family. The death rite is organized seven to ten days depending upon economic condition of the family. The unusual cases of death are treated with different rites. During these days the decease’s lineage members in general and his own family members, observes certain food taboo. They retrain from eating non-vegetarian dishes and may not anoint their body with turmeric and oil. The Juang believe that the spirit of their ancestor’s live inside their store house. They don’t perform any rites for calling back the shade or spirit of the decease. Well to-do families celebrate it with goat (meram)/pig (butai) sacrifice and a grand feast. Poor families are however; driven by their economic condition, celebrate in a very simple manner. In general three to four animals such as pig, goats, sheep and cocks are sacrificed. After death it is believed that the soul goes to the sphere of Yama (Death God) who responsible for collect soul. With this believe the soul after death is presented by Yama and again sent back to the Juang world through a new birth. These successive births are indicated with the transfer of an ancestral name to the new born, during the name giving ceremony.

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Abstract :
The Tangkhul Naga tribe is one of the biggest tribes in Manipur. There are more than 260 Tangkhul villages in Ukhrul District, Manipur. The total population of the Tangkhul in Ukhrul district alone as per 2011 census is1,83,115. Out of which 94,013 are male 89, 102 are female. The existing literacy rate of the district stands at 81.87%. The name of the community Tangkhul have been pronounced and interpreted in different ways and meanings. In Manipuri dialect, “Tangkhul” can be interpreted as ‘costly village’ for they pronounce as ‘Tangkhun’. Different Anthropologist understood the name and meaning of “Tangkhul’’ and their origins in different ways. Some scholars called them Luhuppa, Luppa, Tagkhul, Thangkhum, Tangkhul etc. as their altenative names. Tangkhuls are no doubt highly cultured people. They belong to the great Mongolian race which has now spread all over the World. The Tangkhul Naga people speak the Sino- Tibeto-Burman languages group. Tangkhul came to the present land from China through Myanmar centuries years back since its first settler. They were also living in Samsok (Thuangdut) in Myanmar. They began spreading and dispersing from Samsok after the invation of Ko-Lo-Feng in the last part of the 8th century. When came to Manipur, for the first time they settled in the valley. However, they could not tolerate the heat and mosquito..Therefore, they again migrated to the hills and settled to the present land Ukhrul District where they mostly live today.1

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Abstract :
The term Human Rights is comparatively recent in origin but the idea of human right is as old as the history of human civilization. It can be said that human rights is a twentieth century name for what has been traditionally Known as natural rights or in a more exhilarating phrase the "Rights of Man". The deontological theory of natural rights explains that every man has moral rights not because he is a member of any moral or legal order but simply because he is a man. I mean to say that human rights are the minimal rights that every individual must have by virtue of his being a "member of human family" irrespective of any other consideration. They are based on mankind"s demand for a life in which the inherent dignity of a human being will receive respect and protection.

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Abstract :
A study was conducted on preparation of sandesh, containing different fat ratios of milk. Three ratios 3%, 3.5%,and 4% &4.5% containing same level of solid not fat (SNF% ) taken and coded as T1, T2, T3,& T4 respectively freshly made chhana and mixed with cane-sugar sweeteners heated on a slow fire only for 10 mins. Poured it into a tray and left it to cool and set. Thus experimental sandesh was ready. Experimental sandesh (T4) having 20% levels of high nutrients were most acceptable, followed by T3, T2, T1. The product was analyzed for organoleptic attributes like flavor &taste, body & texture, colour & appearance and overall acceptability by trained panelist using 9 point hedonic scale. Physic-chemical (moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrate, ash) and analysis were done for estimating its nutritional content. Based on the statistical analysis of experimental data from various parameters using different levels were found to be superior to experimental sandesh (T4). As far as organoleptic attributes are concerned among the treatment the highest score was reported for T4 followed by T3, T2&T1. Thus as per the acceptability of the product judged by organoleptic evaluation, the treatment can be rated as T4> T3> T2>T1.

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Abstract :
A very simple, rapid, highly selective and ultrasensitive spectrofluorimetric method for accurate determination of copper (II) has been developed. The method is based on the instantaneous quenching action of Cu(II) on the native fluorescence of Bathophenanthrolinedisulphonate solution (4, 7- diphenyl -1, 10- phenanthroline disulphonate) having excitation and emission wavelength maxima at 288nm and 444.8nm respectively in the optimum pH-range of 2.5 - 4.2. The fluorescence intensity quenching maintains a rectilinearity in the range of 2 ppb-1ppm Cu(II). The S.D. and R.S.D. are + 0.008 and 7.27% (11 determinations; 0.1ppm Cu) respectively. This method is rendered virtually Cu(II)- specific by using masking agents and has found remarkable success when applied to various real and environmental samples of certified analysis. Copper is industrially important, environmentally pollutant, occupationally hazardous and biologically toxic and micronutrient1. Copper toxicity causes sporadic fever, hypotension, haemolytic anaemia, cardiovascular collapse and even death2. It is an essential part of several enzymes, e.g., phenolase, hemocyanin, ferroxidase and cytochrome oxidase. The enzyme phenolase and hemocyanin are capable of carrying oxygen as haemoglobin does. Therefore, its trace and ultra trace analysis is of paramount importance. Review on previous fluorimetric determination methods of Cu reveals that these are low sensitive, unselective and encountered with high interferences.3-6 The fluorimetric method being presented here is simpler, more selective and more sensitive than the previous ones.

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Abstract :
This study deals with assessment of anthropometric characteristics and dietary intake of boys undergoing military training. 90 boys aged 13-16 yrs were purposively chosen. Body fat was calculated based on skinfolds at biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac. 24 hour’s food intake data was collected for consecutive 3 days and energy and energy yielding nutrients were computed. Comparisons were done using ‘t’ test. Correlations were derived using Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation. Boys aged 13-14 and 15-16 yrs were found heavier than the standards for age and height.

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Abstract :
Utilization of waste materials such as Pozzocrete and glass powder as constituents of concrete is gaining significance because of various ecological troubles caused by storing these wastes and environmental effects of producing and using cement. Hence, use of alternative materials in place of cement in concrete is extremely enlarged. Application of these materials as supplementary cementitious materials is now a universal development. Moreover, use of waste materials in construction industry reduces the consumption of Portland cement per unit volume of concrete. Portland cement has high energy consumption and emissions associated with its manufacture, which can be reduced by replacing cement partially with waste products.

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Abstract :
Abacus is an external agent extensively practiced to teach learn mathematics for children. Studies have shown that abacus not only increases the ability of children in performing mathematics calculation, but also develops memory consistently (Bhaskaran , Sengothiyan , Madhu, Ranganahtan 2006). With the help of abacus simple arithmetical functions are easy to learn especially multiplication which may seem easier to an adult to perform but are very difficult for the juvenile to understand (www.abacuslessons.com). This process is easy to adapt for the beginners and puts less stress on the mind of children(www.abacuslessons.com). Abacus training has become increasingly popular in India of late and helps the young minds understand the great number plan on which the universe is being run. The abacus calculation methods help us in learning in number manipulation skills, decimal grasp and digit correlation among other skills

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Abstract :
This study on “Financial literacy, Stock Market Awareness and Capital Market Participation of an emerging stock market” focused on the case of Rwandan Stock Exchange had a purpose of investigating how stock market awareness of leaders of selected organizations affects their level of participation on Rwandan capital market. Conducted as descriptive correlative design, this research collected both qualitative and quantitative data using a questionnaire and interview as tools from a sample of 91 organizations. The researcher used simple random sampling technique and toggled systematic sampling techniques for sample selection. The collected data was treated with SPSS using both descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage and Mean interpretation) and inferential statistics (correlation analysis, and one way ANOVA tests) to analyze responses made to each research question. The main findings are that Directors have a high financial literacy while the level of organizations’ participation in the Rwandan stock market is moderate; the application of financial literacy of Directors in daily business is high. However, their organizations’ current level of participation on Rwandan stock market is low. Concerning the differences among sectors of activities, the research found that Commercial Banks have the highest stock market awareness with a highest while the insurance companies have the highest stock market participation. The Manufacturing or trading companies have the lowest stock market awareness as well as the lowest level of stock market participation. As conclusion, the research the research confirmed that there is a significant relationship between the directors’ awareness of the stock market functioning and the level of organizations’ participation in the Rwandan stock market since the level of significance is 0.000 less than 0.05 and that there is significant difference in extents of awareness and levels of participation among sectors of activities of companies under the study. The researcher recommends to the CMAC and Government to revise the law regarding the minimum value of bonds and listing requirements. CMAC should prepare a development program or public awareness and financial literacy training targeting large industries to increase the level of their stock market awareness, awareness of existing policies, incentives, laws and regulations and this will attract them to the stock market.

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Abstract :
The present study differs from general Corporate Failure studies surmising that organizations fail, due their inability to repay their debt and interest obligations, i.e. lack of sufficient cash flows from operating activities. Empirical studies are based on Balance Sheet data which is historical in nature, reflecting the position that has already occurred. These reflect the “effect”, not the “cause”. In fact, managerial actions can precipitate/ obviate corporate failure. A corporate can falter, or ultimately fail, due to Internal and/or External reasons. Internal causes arise due to disorder in the corporate"s various areas like production, planning, marketing, finance and personnel. These can be controlled provided the corporate management is efficient and effective. This paper seeks to examine the usefulness of correcting human inadequacies in arresting corporate failures.

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Abstract :
In all ages music plays an important role in the practice of religion. At the early stage of human civilization, humankind worshipped various supernatural entities and tried to please them with the help of various musical and dancing activities. That was the beginning of a long journey of inter-relations between religion and arts or rather performing arts. The Pharaonic rites seen on the tombs of many Pharaos and noblemen included music. In other religions such as Judaism and Christianity, people used music as an integral part of their worship and religious celebrations. A lot of music was composed to complement religion, and many composers derived inspirations from their own religion. Many forms of religious music emerged in order to fit religious purposes. Christian church music and temple music in the east underwent the same kind of religious influence. Religious music often changes to fit with the requirement of the times. In ancient Vedic civilization, chanting music was practised praising various nature-gods like – Agni, Indra, Vayu, Soma, Visvamitra, Vyasa and many others.

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Abstract :
This paper was born out of a seminar on linking music with science conducted in AKIMSS Solapur in 2007. The purpose of this short piece is to lay down the foundation for creating an algorithm and a computer based system to decipher table music. Being a principal musical instrument in the repertoire of Hindustani Classical Music good table players are hard to find. Hence if a system for table is developed, the author (himself an amateur table player) argues a lot of musical accompaniment will be facilitated).

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Abstract :
Confined masonry is older construction method and found acceptable performance in past history of seismic regions. The main purpose of this dissertation is to study the earthquake resisting behavior of low rise confined masonry (CM) building. RCC and CM are investigated by nonlinear static push over analysis by modeling various planes for RCC, CM and taking results i.e. roof displacement and base shear on Software SAP 2000 (14 Version) as per Eurocode 6 & 8 as well as IS 1893. From the investigation and calculation the response modification factor for CM is found between 2 to 3 which is as per the European standard and for RCC is found 3.12 which is nearly as per Indian standard (IS1893). Also Response modification factor of CM with opening is reduced by 13% with CM without opening as per European standard.

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